Evaluation of Anti-asthmatic Activity of Menisamoola Parpam in Histamine-Induced Bronchial Asthma Model in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the respiratory system characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, and elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Although conventional therapies are effective, their long-term use may be associated with adverse effects. Traditional Siddha formulations offer a potential alternative approach for the management of respiratory diseases.

Objective: To evaluate the anti-asthmatic activity of Menisamoola Parpam (MSP) using a histamine-induced bronchial asthma model in Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control, disease control, standard (mepyramine-treated), and MSP-treated groups receiving low and high doses. Bronchial asthma was induced by exposure to 0.5% histamine aerosol, and the pre-convulsion time was recorded. Haematological parameters, including total leukocyte count and eosinophil count, were evaluated. Serum IgE levels and the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-?, IL-4, and IL-5) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mast cell stabilization activity and histopathological examination of lung tissues were also performed. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett's post hoc test.

Results: MSP significantly reduced total leukocyte and eosinophil counts, serum IgE levels, and the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared with the disease control group. MSP also exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of mast cell degranulation. Histopathological examination revealed reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and restoration of normal lung architecture in the MSP-treated groups.

Conclusion: Menisamoola Parpam demonstrated significant anti-asthmatic activity through its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and mast cell-stabilizing effects. These findings suggest that MSP has potential as a therapeutic agent for the management of bronchial asthma.