Anticancer activity stud-ies of root extract of Aloe pirottae A. Berger En-demic plant species of Ethiopia
Keywords:
Aloe pirottea, anticancer, Endemic, Etoposide, Cytotoxic activityAbstract
In an effort to find new anticancer agents from natural products, six crude methanol extracts and twenty-three organic solvent fractions, n-hexane (HxF), chloroform(CHF), ethyl acetate(EAF) and n-butanol (BuF), from Aloe pirottea root an endemic medicinal plant of Ethiopia were investigated in vitro for their activities against A549, A2780, MIA-PaCa-2 and SNU-638 cancer cell lines at different concentrations including 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10.0, and 30.0 µg/ml to determine the percentage of growth inhibition and IC50values using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The results were compared to standard anticancer drug Etoposide. Results demonstrated that all extracts exhibited anticancer activity with different degrees of potency. HxF, CHF and EAF of Aloe pirottea root extract showed good cytotoxic activity against A549, A2780 and SNU638 with IC50 value ranging from 6.37 to 29.69 µg/ml and, except for CHF of Aloe pirottea root with IC50 value of 18.86 µg/ml, all exhibited no or weak cytotoxic activity against MIA-PaCa-2 with IC50 value of > 30.0 µg/ml. The highest cytotoxicity was found in the chloroform fraction. The responsiveness of solvent fraction to cell decreased as CHF > EAF > MeOH > HxF > BuF compared to reference standard anticancer drug Etoposide. The responsiveness of cell line to extracts were decreased as A-549 > A2780 > SNU-638 > MIA-PaCa-2. It was found that the percentage growth inhibition increases with increasing concentration. This finding shows that the extracted fractions from this plant species can be used as a potential source for producing anticancer drugs.
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