Analysis of DNA Damage Levels In Oreochromis mos-sambicus (Peters, 1852) Exposed to a Tirupur Textile Dye Effluent
Keywords:
Textile dye effluents, Oreochromis mossambicus, DNA damage, Stress proteinAbstract
The expedited advent of human population, urbanization and industrialization for economical growth has adversely affected the biological diversity, which is one of the major concerns of the developing countries. In Tirupur, 729 textile dyeing units were located and these units generated 96.1 MLD of wastewater. The untreated effluent was discharged into the Noyyal River which causes the toxic effect into water and fish. Heavy metals cause DNA damage in Oreochromis mossambicus living in untreated effluent. Fish were exposed to untreated effluent for 1st day, 15th day, 25th day and 50th day. The interaction of a xenobiotic with DNA can damage the chromosomes, single- or double-stranded breaks, form DNA adducts, or interfere with the mechanisms involved in repairing these damages. Some of those substances are called eugenics because they cause changes in the distribution of chromosomes during cell division, leading to numerous chromosomal changes. In 50th day DNA damage was maximum amount. Senescence protein Stress protein p21, p16 were increased in untreated 50th day. When fish were introduced in Bio remediated effluent in 1st day, 15th day, 25th day and 50th day the DNA damage was significantly reduced. Fish present several advantages in ecotoxicological studies because they comprise the most diverse group of vertebrates and have a high ecological relevance when exposed to toxic substances. Moreover, fish may present similar results to other vertebrates, humans included.
Downloads
References
Claxton, L. D., Houk, V. S., Hughes, T. J., 1998. Genotoxicity of industrial wastes and effluents. Mutat.Res., 410, 237-243. doi: 10.1016/S 1383-5742(98)00008-8.
White, P. A., Rasmussen, J. B., 1998. The genotoxic hazards of domestic wastes in surface waters. Mutat. Res., 410, 223-236 doi: 10.1016/S 1383-5742(98)00002-7.
Lakra, W.S., Nagpure, N.S., 2009. Genotoxicological studies in fish: a review. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 79, 93–98.
Lopez-Barea, J., 1996. Biomarkers to detect environmental pollution. Toxicol. Lett. 88, 77–79.
Van Der Oost, R., Beyer, J., Vermeulen, N.P.E., 2003. Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environ-mental risk assessment: a review. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 13, 57–149.
Cavas, T., Konen, S., 2008. In vivo genotoxocity testing of the amnesic shell fish poison (domoic acid) in piscine erythrocytes using the micronucleus test and the comet assay. Aquat. Toxicol., 90, 154-159. doi: 10.1016/j,aquatox.2008.08.011.
Biagini, F. R., David, J. A. O., Fontanetti, C. S., 2009. The use of histological, histochemical and ultramor-phological techniques to detect gill alterations in Oreochromis niloticus reared in treated polluted waters. Micron, 40, 839-844. doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2009.10.009.
Frenzilli, G., Nigro, M., Scarcelli, V., Gorbi, S., Regoli, F., 2001. DNA integrity and total oxyradical scavenging capacity in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: A field study in a highly eutrophicated coastal lagoon. Aquat. Toxicol. 53, 19–32.
Bajpayee, M., Pandey, A.K., Parmar, D., Marthur, N., Seth, P.K., Dhawan, A., 2005. Comet assay responses in human lymphocytes are not influenced by the menstrual cycle: a case study in healthy Indian females. Mutat. Res. 565, 163–172.
Mitchelmore, C. L., Chipman, J. K., 1998. DNA strand breakage in aquatic organisms and the potential value of the comet assay in environmental monitoring. Mutat. Res. 399, 135-147.
Sasaki, Y. F., Izumiyama, F., Nishidate, E., Ishibashi, S., Tsuda, S., Matsusaka, N., Asano, N., Saotome, K.,Sofuni, T., Hayashi, M., 1997. Detection of genotoxicity of polluted sea water using shell fish and alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCE) assay: a preliminary study. Mutat. Res. 393, 133-139. doi: 10.1016/S 1393- 5718(97)00098-3.
Nacci, D. E., Cayula, S., Jackmin, E., 1996. Detection of DNA damage in individual cells from marine organisms using single cell gel assay. Aquat.Toxicol. 35,197-210.doi:10.1016/0166-445X(96)00016-1.
Belpaeme, K., Deldere, K., Zhu, L., Kirsch-Volders, M., 1996. Cytogenetic studies of PCB77 on brown trout (Salmotruttafario) using micronucleus test and the alkaline comet assay. Mutagenesis, 11, 485-492.
Singh, N. P., Mccoy, M. T., Tice, R. R., Schnider, E. L., 1988. A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp. Cell Res. 175, 184-191.
Cerad, H., Delincee, H., Haine, H., Rupp, H., 1997. The DNA comet assay as a rapid screening technique to control irradiated food. Mutat. Res. 375, 167-181.
Livingstone, D.R., 2001. Contaminant-stimulated reactive oxygen species production and oxidative damage in aquatic organisms. Mar Pollut. Bull. 42, 656-666.
Costa, P.M., Neuparth, T.S., Caeiro, S., Lobo, J., Martins, M., Ferreira, A.M., Caetano, M., Vale, C., DelValls, T.A., Costa, M.H., 2011. Assessment of the genotoxic potential of contaminated estuarine sediments in fish peripheral blood: Laboratory versus in situ studies. Environ. Res. 111, 25-36.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright © Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
