Selected Conventional Chemotherapy Promotes Cancer Stem Cells in Liver Cancer

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one among the leading cause of death in worldwide. The success rates of chemotherapeutic drugs are very minimal for hepatocellular carcinoma because of multiple reasons. Cancer stem cell (CSC), a small population in tumour play foremost role in tumour relapse and drug resistant through ATP binding caste efflux, ALDH1 inhibition and other unknown mechanisms. This study is designed to identify and evaluate the following standard of care for liver cancer such as Cisplatin, 5-flurouracil, and Paclitaxel, were promote any cancer stem cell like phenotypes or not in HepG2cell lines. HepG2 cell line was cultured with cisplatin, 5-FU, and paclitaxel in lower level of maximum concentration of serum (Cmax) for three days. Then the
cancer stem cell population was evaluated by flow  cytometry analysis using cancer stem cell markers such as CD133, and spheroid formation assay. The expression level of cancer stem cell marker CD133 is exceedingly elevated 2.21% in Low dose
5-Flurouracil treated cells, and very minimal expression 0.96% in Low dose Paclitaxel, 0.91% in Low dose cisplatin. Even though in spheroid formation assay all the drug treated cells shown spheroid, in low dose 5-flurouracil treated cells only formed excellent spheroid whereas in low dose cisplatin and low dose paclitaxel fail to form spheroid as 5-flurouracil. All the chemotherapeutic drugs were promote cancer stem cell phenotype than control but 5-flurouracil expresses more cancer stem cell phenotype
than cisplatin and paclitaxel drug treated cells. It’s exceedingly evident for more chances of cancer relapse in 5-Flurouracil treated patients than cisplatin and paclitaxel treated patients.